Journal: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience

Article Title: Genetic evidence for a functional association between Parkinson’s disease proteins leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 and α -synuclein during axonal transport

doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2025.1667839

Figure Lengend Snippet: Loss or reduction of Drosophila LRRK has no effect on axonal transport, but excess human LRRK disrupts transport causing axonal blockages. (A) Representative images from WT and larvae that are homozygous for dLRRK e03680−/− or heterozygous for dLRRK ex1−/+ show smooth staining as assayed using the cysteine string antibody (CSP) similar to WT. In contrast larvae expressing human LRRK2 (hLRRK2) show axonal blockages that contain CSP (arrows). Quantification of the average number of CSP blocks per larvae with excess hLRRK show a significant number of blocks compared to WT ( p = 0.004). N = 5 larvae per genotype. Bar = 10 μm. (B) Representative images of larval brains from WT, homozygous dLRRK e03680−/− , heterozygous for dLRRK ex1−/+ and excess hLRRK stained with the TUNEL assay to evaluate cell death. While homozygous dLRRK e03680−/− and excess hLRRK larval brains were comparable to WT brains, heterozygous dLRRK ex1−/+ show more TUNEL positive nuclei, but not to the extent seen in the positive control. Quantification of the average number of cell death per area of ventral ganglion show significant amount of cell death in dLRRK ex1−/+ compared to WT. N = 10 larvae per genotype, bar = 10 μm. Statistical significance was determined using the two-sample two-sided Student’s t -test. Data represented as mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Dissected larvae were fixed in 8% paraformaldehyde, washed with PBT (phosphate buffered saline supplemented with 0.1% Tween-20) and incubated overnight with antibodies against CSP (1:10, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank) or tubulin (1:100, Invitrogen).

Techniques: Staining, Expressing, TUNEL Assay, Positive Control

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Hypothermia Shifts Neurodegeneration Phenotype in Neonatal Human Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy but Not in Related Piglet Models: Possible Relationship to Toxic Conformer and Intrinsically Disordered Prion-like Protein Accumulation

doi: 10.3390/cells14080586

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibodies Used for Cell Type and Synapse Identification in Combination with Antibodies to Toxic Conformer Proteins.

Article Snippet: Cysteine String Protein (CSP) , Presynaptic terminals , Rabbit polyclonal , Stressgen Bioreagents, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, VAP-SV003.

Techniques: Drug discovery, Ubiquitin Proteomics, Transduction